Difference between revisions of "Clicker training"
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| − | Clicker training is an operant conditioning based on positive reinforcement. When the animal offers the desired behavior, a ''click'' or another distinctive sound (secondary reinforcer) is delivered and within the following few seconds the reward is presented (primary reinforcer)<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Feng|first=Lynna C.|last2=Howell|first2=Tiffani J.|last3=Bennett|first3=Pauleen C.|date=2016-08-01|title=How clicker training works: Comparing Reinforcing, Marking, and Bridging Hypotheses|url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168159116301393|journal=Applied Animal Behaviour Science|language=en|volume=181|pages=34–40|doi=10.1016/j.applanim.2016.05.012|issn=0168-1591|df=dmy-all}}</ref>. The ''click'' bridges the time between the desired behavior and the presentation of the reward<ref name=":0" />. A target stick providing a visual guide for the animal can be used for the training. | + | Clicker training is an operant conditioning based on positive reinforcement. When the animal offers the desired behavior, a ''click'' or another distinctive sound (secondary reinforcer) is delivered and within the following few seconds the reward is presented (primary reinforcer)<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Feng|first=Lynna C.|last2=Howell|first2=Tiffani J.|last3=Bennett|first3=Pauleen C.|date=2016-08-01|title=How clicker training works: Comparing Reinforcing, Marking, and Bridging Hypotheses|url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168159116301393|journal=Applied Animal Behaviour Science|language=en|volume=181|pages=34–40|doi=10.1016/j.applanim.2016.05.012|issn=0168-1591|df=dmy-all}}</ref>. The ''click'' bridges the time between the desired behavior and the presentation of the reward<ref name=":0" />. A target stick providing a visual guide for the animal can be used for the training. |
| − | + | [[File:Clicker training in mice.jpg|thumb|'''Clicker training with mice using a target stick.''' ''Left:'' The mouse is following the target stick and is climbing on the experimenter's hand. If the hand is lifted, the mouse will remain on the palm of the hand. ''Right:'' The mice are trained in a group. Two mice are following the target stick on the palm of the experimenter's hand.]] | |
Animals are usually trained individually, though it is also possible to perform clicker training in a groups, e.g. in mice, rats, and rabbits. For rats, it was demonstrated that they learned tasks by observing the clicker traníning of their cage mates<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|last=Leidinger|first=Charlotte Sophie|last2=Kaiser|first2=Nadine|last3=Baumgart|first3=Nadine|last4=Baumgart|first4=Jan|date=2018-10-25|title=Using Clicker Training and Social Observation to Teach Rats to Voluntarily Change Cages|url=https://www.jove.com/video/58511/using-clicker-training-social-observation-to-teach-rats-to|journal=JoVE (Journal of Visualized Experiments)|issue=140|pages=e58511|doi=10.3791/58511|issn=1940-087X|pmc=6235608|pmid=30417890|df=dmy-all}}</ref>. | Animals are usually trained individually, though it is also possible to perform clicker training in a groups, e.g. in mice, rats, and rabbits. For rats, it was demonstrated that they learned tasks by observing the clicker traníning of their cage mates<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|last=Leidinger|first=Charlotte Sophie|last2=Kaiser|first2=Nadine|last3=Baumgart|first3=Nadine|last4=Baumgart|first4=Jan|date=2018-10-25|title=Using Clicker Training and Social Observation to Teach Rats to Voluntarily Change Cages|url=https://www.jove.com/video/58511/using-clicker-training-social-observation-to-teach-rats-to|journal=JoVE (Journal of Visualized Experiments)|issue=140|pages=e58511|doi=10.3791/58511|issn=1940-087X|pmc=6235608|pmid=30417890|df=dmy-all}}</ref>. | ||
| + | Clicker training can be used to train animals in a stress-free way. The following behaviours are examples for what this technique can be used for: | ||
| − | + | '''Mice:''' [https://www.jove.com/video/55415/introducing-clicker-training-as-cognitive-enrichment-for-laboratory entering a tunnel, following a target stick, climbing on the palm of the hand]<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Leidinger|first=Charlotte|last2=Herrmann|first2=Felix|last3=Thöne-Reineke|first3=Christa|last4=Baumgart|first4=Nadine|last5=Baumgart|first5=Jan|date=2017-03-06|title=Introducing Clicker Training as a Cognitive Enrichment for Laboratory Mice|url=https://www.jove.com/video/55415/introducing-clicker-training-as-cognitive-enrichment-for-laboratory|journal=JoVE (Journal of Visualized Experiments)|issue=121|pages=e55415|doi=10.3791/55415|issn=1940-087X|pmc=5408971|pmid=28287586|df=dmy-all}}</ref> | |
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| − | '''Mice:''' [https://www.jove.com/video/55415/introducing-clicker-training-as-cognitive-enrichment-for-laboratory entering a tunnel, following a target stick, climbing on the palm of the hand]<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Leidinger|first=Charlotte|last2=Herrmann|first2=Felix|last3=Thöne-Reineke|first3=Christa|last4=Baumgart|first4=Nadine|last5=Baumgart|first5=Jan|date=2017-03-06|title=Introducing Clicker Training as a Cognitive Enrichment for Laboratory Mice|url=https://www.jove.com/video/55415/introducing-clicker-training-as-cognitive-enrichment-for-laboratory|journal=JoVE (Journal of Visualized Experiments)|issue=121|pages=e55415|doi=10.3791/55415|issn=1940-087X|pmc=5408971|pmid=28287586|df=dmy-all}}</ref> | ||
'''Rats:''' following a target stick, [https://www.jove.com/video/58511/using-clicker-training-social-observation-to-teach-rats-to voluntarily change to a cage, observational learning]<ref name=":1" /> | '''Rats:''' following a target stick, [https://www.jove.com/video/58511/using-clicker-training-social-observation-to-teach-rats-to voluntarily change to a cage, observational learning]<ref name=":1" /> | ||
| − | '''Rabbits:''' following a target stick, rearing/standing up to inspect the abdomen, approaching a human, being touched and lifted by a human, trimming nails, coming on command | + | '''Rabbits:''' following a target stick, rearing/standing up to inspect the abdomen, approaching a human, being touched and lifted by a human, trimming nails, coming on command |
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| + | '''Pigs:''' Pigs can be easily trained to cooperate if they are treated empathetically and desired behavior is reinforced by providing food stuff in form of treats and apple juice<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.altex.ch/resources/477479_So776rensen21.pdf|title=Positive Reinforcement Training in Large Experimental Animals|last=|first=|date=|website=|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=|df=dmy-all}}</ref>. | ||
| + | <br /> | ||
| + | <references /> | ||
| + | '''Experts for clicker training in mice and rats:''' [https://www.unimedizin-mainz.de/tarc/tarc-force-3r/forschung.html TARC], Mainz, Germany | ||
| − | + | This page was created and edited by [[User:KH191219|KH191219]] ([[User talk:KH191219|talk]]). | |
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Latest revision as of 22:14, 31 January 2021
Clicker training is an operant conditioning based on positive reinforcement. When the animal offers the desired behavior, a click or another distinctive sound (secondary reinforcer) is delivered and within the following few seconds the reward is presented (primary reinforcer)[1]. The click bridges the time between the desired behavior and the presentation of the reward[1]. A target stick providing a visual guide for the animal can be used for the training.
Clicker training with mice using a target stick. Left: The mouse is following the target stick and is climbing on the experimenter's hand. If the hand is lifted, the mouse will remain on the palm of the hand. Right: The mice are trained in a group. Two mice are following the target stick on the palm of the experimenter's hand.
Animals are usually trained individually, though it is also possible to perform clicker training in a groups, e.g. in mice, rats, and rabbits. For rats, it was demonstrated that they learned tasks by observing the clicker traníning of their cage mates[2].
Clicker training can be used to train animals in a stress-free way. The following behaviours are examples for what this technique can be used for:
Mice: entering a tunnel, following a target stick, climbing on the palm of the hand[3]
Rats: following a target stick, voluntarily change to a cage, observational learning[2]
Rabbits: following a target stick, rearing/standing up to inspect the abdomen, approaching a human, being touched and lifted by a human, trimming nails, coming on command
Pigs: Pigs can be easily trained to cooperate if they are treated empathetically and desired behavior is reinforced by providing food stuff in form of treats and apple juice[4].
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Feng, Lynna C.; Howell, Tiffani J.; Bennett, Pauleen C. (1 August 2016). "How clicker training works: Comparing Reinforcing, Marking, and Bridging Hypotheses". Applied Animal Behaviour Science. 181: 34–40. doi:10.1016/j.applanim.2016.05.012. ISSN 0168-1591.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Leidinger, Charlotte Sophie; Kaiser, Nadine; Baumgart, Nadine; Baumgart, Jan (25 October 2018). "Using Clicker Training and Social Observation to Teach Rats to Voluntarily Change Cages". JoVE (Journal of Visualized Experiments) (140): e58511. doi:10.3791/58511. ISSN 1940-087X. PMC 6235608. PMID 30417890.
- ↑ Leidinger, Charlotte; Herrmann, Felix; Thöne-Reineke, Christa; Baumgart, Nadine; Baumgart, Jan (6 March 2017). "Introducing Clicker Training as a Cognitive Enrichment for Laboratory Mice". JoVE (Journal of Visualized Experiments) (121): e55415. doi:10.3791/55415. ISSN 1940-087X. PMC 5408971. PMID 28287586.
- ↑ "Positive Reinforcement Training in Large Experimental Animals" (PDF).
Experts for clicker training in mice and rats: TARC, Mainz, Germany
