Metabolic cages - Revision history

AS191219: Added RISE

2021-11-24T18:06:36Z

Added RISE

Werenskjold at 22:15, 31 January 2021

2021-01-31T22:15:44Z

AS191219: grammatical change

2020-12-17T10:52:23Z

grammatical change

AS191219: Added section from Jessica Hoffman

2020-12-16T14:54:44Z

Added section from Jessica Hoffman

AS191219 at 14:52, 16 December 2020

2020-12-16T14:52:57Z

AS191219: Added section about Jessica Hoffman

2020-12-16T14:52:04Z

Added section about Jessica Hoffman

AS191219: Added section about Jessica Hoffman

2020-12-16T14:50:37Z

Added section about Jessica Hoffman

AS191219: Added section about Jessica Hoffman

2020-12-16T14:48:42Z

Added section about Jessica Hoffman

AS191219 at 18:39, 30 November 2020

2020-11-30T18:39:20Z

AS191219: Added image

2020-11-30T12:40:35Z

Added image

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:06, 24 November 2021
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	*Hoffman JF, Fan AX, Neuendorf EH, Vergara VB & Kalinich JF (2018): [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5875098/ Hydrophobic Sand Versus Metabolic Cages: A Comparison of Urine Collection Methods for Rats (''Rattus norvegicus'')]. J Am Assoc Lab Anim Sci. 2018;57(1):51-57.		*Hoffman JF, Fan AX, Neuendorf EH, Vergara VB & Kalinich JF (2018): [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5875098/ Hydrophobic Sand Versus Metabolic Cages: A Comparison of Urine Collection Methods for Rats (''Rattus norvegicus'')]. J Am Assoc Lab Anim Sci. 2018;57(1):51-57.
	*Hoffman JF, Vechetti IJ, Alimov AP, Kalinich JF, McCarthy JJ & Peterson CA (2019): [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214426919300382 Hydrophobic sand is a viable method of urine collection from the rat for extracellular vesicle biomarker analysis], Molecular Genetics and Metabolism Reports, 21, 100505, ISSN 2214-4269.		*Hoffman JF, Vechetti IJ, Alimov AP, Kalinich JF, McCarthy JJ & Peterson CA (2019): [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214426919300382 Hydrophobic sand is a viable method of urine collection from the rat for extracellular vesicle biomarker analysis], Molecular Genetics and Metabolism Reports, 21, 100505, ISSN 2214-4269.
		+
		+	<br />
		+
		+	=== Refinement of the use of metabolic cages with rats ===
		+	The [https://www.ri.se/en/what-we-do/expertises/3r-focus-on-animal-welfare RISE Research Institutes] in Sweden [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=icpIWtymJAo&t=1509s have published a video] showing several refinement techniques when using metabolic cages with rats.

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:15, 31 January 2021
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−	Metabolic cages create both welfare and scientific challenges and their use should be limited to procedures which are strictly necessary. [https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0058460 Kalliokoski ''et al.'' (2013)] concluded that mice do not habituate to metabolic cages.	+	Metabolic cages create both welfare and scientific challenges and their use should be limited to procedures which are strictly necessary. [https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0058460 Kalliokoski ''et al.'' (2013)] concluded that mice do not habituate to metabolic cages.

	===Access to shelter in mouse metabolic cages===		===Access to shelter in mouse metabolic cages===

@@ Line 28: / Line 28: @@
 <br />
-=== An alternative to metabolic cages for urine collection in rats ===
+===An alternative to metabolic cages for urine collection in rats===
 Jessica Hoffman ''et al.'' (2017, 2018) have shown that hydrophobic sand can be used to collect rat urine in standard cages, without the need to transfer the animals to metabolic cages. Hydrophobic sand is non-toxic, induces similar or lower levels of stress in the rat, and does not contaminate clinical urine markers or metal concentrations in the samples.
 In addition, they have looked at the quality of proteins and microRNA within extracellular vesicles (EVs) collected by this method from rats, compared to traditional collection in metabolic cages (Hoffman ''et al''., 2019). EVs are often used as health indicators in humans and animals. They found no significant differences between the methods in particle size, particle concentration, total RNA, or the type and abundance of microRNAs contained within the EVs.
-These findings suggest that hydrophobic sand can be used as an accurate and non-invasive way to collect rodent urine, especially for spot-tests.
+These findings suggest that hydrophobic sand can be used as an accurate and non-invasive method of collecting rodent urine, especially for spot-tests.
 '''References'''
-* Hoffman JF, Vergara VB, Mog SR & Kalinich JF (2017). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5750553/ Hydrophobic Sand Is a Non-Toxic Method of Urine Collection, Appropriate for Urinary Metal Analysis in the Rat. Toxics 5(4):25]. doi:10.3390/toxics5040025. Supplementary Materials: Toxics 2017, 9, 25.
+*Hoffman JF, Vergara VB, Mog SR & Kalinich JF (2017). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5750553/ Hydrophobic Sand Is a Non-Toxic Method of Urine Collection, Appropriate for Urinary Metal Analysis in the Rat. Toxics 5(4):25]. doi:10.3390/toxics5040025. Supplementary Materials: Toxics 2017, 9, 25.
-* Hoffman JF, Fan AX, Neuendorf EH, Vergara VB & Kalinich JF (2018): [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5875098/ Hydrophobic Sand Versus Metabolic Cages: A Comparison of Urine Collection Methods for Rats (''Rattus norvegicus'')]. J Am Assoc Lab Anim Sci. 2018;57(1):51-57.
+*Hoffman JF, Fan AX, Neuendorf EH, Vergara VB & Kalinich JF (2018): [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5875098/ Hydrophobic Sand Versus Metabolic Cages: A Comparison of Urine Collection Methods for Rats (''Rattus norvegicus'')]. J Am Assoc Lab Anim Sci. 2018;57(1):51-57.
-* Hoffman JF, Vechetti IJ, Alimov AP, Kalinich JF, McCarthy JJ & Peterson CA (2019): [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214426919300382 Hydrophobic sand is a viable method of urine collection from the rat for extracellular vesicle biomarker analysis], Molecular Genetics and Metabolism Reports, 21, 100505, ISSN 2214-4269.
+*Hoffman JF, Vechetti IJ, Alimov AP, Kalinich JF, McCarthy JJ & Peterson CA (2019): [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214426919300382 Hydrophobic sand is a viable method of urine collection from the rat for extracellular vesicle biomarker analysis], Molecular Genetics and Metabolism Reports, 21, 100505, ISSN 2214-4269.

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:54, 16 December 2020
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	'''Contributor:''' Maria Kiersgaard, DVM at Novo Nordisk A/S		'''Contributor:''' Maria Kiersgaard, DVM at Novo Nordisk A/S
		+
		+	<br />
		+
		+	=== An alternative to metabolic cages for urine collection in rats ===
		+	Jessica Hoffman ''et al.'' (2017, 2018) have shown that hydrophobic sand can be used to collect rat urine in standard cages, without the need to transfer the animals to metabolic cages. Hydrophobic sand is non-toxic, induces similar or lower levels of stress in the rat, and does not contaminate clinical urine markers or metal concentrations in the samples.
		+
		+	In addition, they have looked at the quality of proteins and microRNA within extracellular vesicles (EVs) collected by this method from rats, compared to traditional collection in metabolic cages (Hoffman ''et al''., 2019). EVs are often used as health indicators in humans and animals. They found no significant differences between the methods in particle size, particle concentration, total RNA, or the type and abundance of microRNAs contained within the EVs.
		+
		+	These findings suggest that hydrophobic sand can be used as an accurate and non-invasive way to collect rodent urine, especially for spot-tests.
		+
		+	'''References'''
		+
		+	* Hoffman JF, Vergara VB, Mog SR & Kalinich JF (2017). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5750553/ Hydrophobic Sand Is a Non-Toxic Method of Urine Collection, Appropriate for Urinary Metal Analysis in the Rat. Toxics 5(4):25]. doi:10.3390/toxics5040025. Supplementary Materials: Toxics 2017, 9, 25.
		+	* Hoffman JF, Fan AX, Neuendorf EH, Vergara VB & Kalinich JF (2018): [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5875098/ Hydrophobic Sand Versus Metabolic Cages: A Comparison of Urine Collection Methods for Rats (''Rattus norvegicus'')]. J Am Assoc Lab Anim Sci. 2018;57(1):51-57.
		+	* Hoffman JF, Vechetti IJ, Alimov AP, Kalinich JF, McCarthy JJ & Peterson CA (2019): [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214426919300382 Hydrophobic sand is a viable method of urine collection from the rat for extracellular vesicle biomarker analysis], Molecular Genetics and Metabolism Reports, 21, 100505, ISSN 2214-4269.

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:52, 16 December 2020
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	'''Contributor:''' Maria Kiersgaard, DVM at Novo Nordisk A/S		'''Contributor:''' Maria Kiersgaard, DVM at Novo Nordisk A/S
−
−	~~<br />~~
−
−	~~=== An alternative to metabolic cages for urine collection in rats ===~~
−	Jessica Hoffman ''et al.'' (2017, 2018) have shown that hydrophobic sand can be used to collect rat urine in standard cages, without the need to transfer the animals to metabolic cages. Hydrophobic sand is non-toxic, induces similar or lower levels of stress in the rat, and does not contaminate clinical urine markers or metal concentrations in the samples.
−
−	In addition, they have looked at the quality of proteins and microRNA within extracellular vesicles (EVs) collected by this method from rats, compared to traditional collection in metabolic cages (Hoffman ''et al''., 2019). EVs are often used as health indicators in humans and animals. They found no significant differences between the methods in particle size, particle concentration, total RNA, or the type and abundance of microRNAs contained within the EVs.
−
−	~~These findings suggest that hydrophobic sand can be used as an accurate and non-invasive way to collect rodent urine, especially for spot-tests.~~
−
−	~~'''References'''~~
−
−	* Hoffman JF, Vergara VB, Mog SR & Kalinich JF (2017). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5750553/ Hydrophobic Sand Is a Non-Toxic Method of Urine Collection, Appropriate for Urinary Metal Analysis in the Rat. Toxics 5(4):25]. doi:10.3390/toxics5040025. Supplementary Materials: Toxics 2017, 9, 25.
−	* Hoffman JF, Fan AX, Neuendorf EH, Vergara VB & Kalinich JF (2018): [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5875098/ Hydrophobic Sand Versus Metabolic Cages: A Comparison of Urine Collection Methods for Rats (''Rattus norvegicus'')]. J Am Assoc Lab Anim Sci. 2018;57(1):51-57.
−	* Hoffman JF, Vechetti IJ, Alimov AP, Kalinich JF, McCarthy JJ & Peterson CA (2019): [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214426919300382 Hydrophobic sand is a viable method of urine collection from the rat for extracellular vesicle biomarker analysis], Molecular Genetics and Metabolism Reports, 21, 100505, ISSN 2214-4269.

@@ Line 39: / Line 39: @@
 * Hoffman JF, Vergara VB, Mog SR & Kalinich JF (2017). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5750553/ Hydrophobic Sand Is a Non-Toxic Method of Urine Collection, Appropriate for Urinary Metal Analysis in the Rat. Toxics 5(4):25]. doi:10.3390/toxics5040025. Supplementary Materials: Toxics 2017, 9, 25.
 * Hoffman JF, Fan AX, Neuendorf EH, Vergara VB & Kalinich JF (2018): [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5875098/ Hydrophobic Sand Versus Metabolic Cages: A Comparison of Urine Collection Methods for Rats (''Rattus norvegicus'')]. J Am Assoc Lab Anim Sci. 2018;57(1):51-57.
-* Hoffman JF, Vechetti IJ, Alimov AP, Kalinich JF, McCarthy JJ & Peterson CA (2019): Hydrophobic sand is a viable method of urine collection from the rat for extracellular vesicle biomarker analysis, Molecular Genetics and Metabolism Reports, 21, 100505, ISSN 2214-4269. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ymgmr.2019.100505.
+* Hoffman JF, Vechetti IJ, Alimov AP, Kalinich JF, McCarthy JJ & Peterson CA (2019): [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214426919300382 Hydrophobic sand is a viable method of urine collection from the rat for extracellular vesicle biomarker analysis], Molecular Genetics and Metabolism Reports, 21, 100505, ISSN 2214-4269. <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ymgmr.2019.100505</nowiki>.

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:48, 16 December 2020
Line 25:		Line 25:

	'''Contributor:''' Maria Kiersgaard, DVM at Novo Nordisk A/S		'''Contributor:''' Maria Kiersgaard, DVM at Novo Nordisk A/S
		+
		+	<br />
		+
		+	=== An alternative to metabolic cages for urine collection in rats ===
		+	Jessica Hoffman ''et al.'' (2017, 2018) have shown that hydrophobic sand can be used to collect rat urine in standard cages, without the need to transfer the animals to metabolic cages. Hydrophobic sand is non-toxic, induces similar or lower levels of stress in the rat, and does not contaminate clinical urine markers or metal concentrations in the samples.
		+
		+	In addition, they have looked at the quality of proteins and microRNA within extracellular vesicles (EVs) collected by this method from rats, compared to traditional collection in metabolic cages (Hoffman ''et al''., 2019). EVs are often used as health indicators in humans and animals. They found no significant differences between the methods in particle size, particle concentration, total RNA, or the type and abundance of microRNAs contained within the EVs.
		+
		+	These findings suggest that hydrophobic sand can be used as an accurate and non-invasive way to collect rodent urine, especially for spot-tests.
		+
		+	'''References'''
		+
		+	* Hoffman JF, Vergara VB, Mog SR & Kalinich JF (2017). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5750553/ Hydrophobic Sand Is a Non-Toxic Method of Urine Collection, Appropriate for Urinary Metal Analysis in the Rat. Toxics 5(4):25]. doi:10.3390/toxics5040025. Supplementary Materials: Toxics 2017, 9, 25.
		+	* Hoffman JF, Fan AX, Neuendorf EH, Vergara VB & Kalinich JF (2018): [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5875098/ Hydrophobic Sand Versus Metabolic Cages: A Comparison of Urine Collection Methods for Rats (''Rattus norvegicus'')]. J Am Assoc Lab Anim Sci. 2018;57(1):51-57.
		+	* Hoffman JF, Vechetti IJ, Alimov AP, Kalinich JF, McCarthy JJ & Peterson CA (2019): Hydrophobic sand is a viable method of urine collection from the rat for extracellular vesicle biomarker analysis, Molecular Genetics and Metabolism Reports, 21, 100505, ISSN 2214-4269. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ymgmr.2019.100505.

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:39, 30 November 2020
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	Even though we have not fully scientifically substantiated the benefit of shelters for all strains of mice, we still believe that the fact that the mice prefer to stay inside the igloos is reason enough for us to keep using them.		Even though we have not fully scientifically substantiated the benefit of shelters for all strains of mice, we still believe that the fact that the mice prefer to stay inside the igloos is reason enough for us to keep using them.
		+
		+	'''Contributor:''' Maria Kiersgaard, DVM at Novo Nordisk A/S

@@ Line 8: / Line 8: @@
 ===='''Description of a mitigating initiative'''====
-In an attempt to reduce the stress, a small plastic igloo shelter was placed in the metabolic cages close to the water bottle. Mice can seek shelter in the igloo, thus reducing the stress and heat loss from single housing on grid floors. The rounded shape of the igloos prevents the mice from climbing the shelter and urine and faeces from accumulating on the roof.
+[[File:Igloo.jpg|thumb]]
 When using DBA2 mice, the mice lost on average 4.3% of their body weight in the week after caging, without the shelter. In the study using shelters the average weight loss was 1.4%. The DBA2 mice were weighed during the week before staying in the metabolic cage, and after staying in the metabolic cage for 24 hours. The access to shelter gives rise to a difference in weight loss, i.e. smaller weight loss with access to shelter.